South's Bound

Social and Ethical Issues

2008-05-29T21:40:00.000-07:00

This lecture will be focussing on social and ethical issues/problems involved with internet. Firstly we need to know why are there problems with using the internet and this can only be achieved by looking at the characteristicas of internet, its users and the information found on the internet: Characteristics of internet as an open protocol and that there are no enforceable standardsis a factor in the problems involved with internet. Secondly Characteristics of information found on the internet is also part of the problem since anyone can publish any work and the fact that there are no control on bias or unethical information. Finally the users of internet are part of the issue being disscussed as there is a number of smart people and also lowly educated people on internet which are all part of the problem. Having comprehended the characteristics of internet it is therefore important to know the actual problem that internet bring. Below is a list of the problems that the internet have:

•Intellectual Property can mean inventions, ideas, music and movies.

•Copyright means the right to copy

•Plagiarism is using other people's ideas without acknowledging where the information came from. This problems can be dealt with by making sure that other people's ideas are acknowledged and make sure to always copy and paste the url that you got information from.

•Security issues include content theft

•Privacy include rights of individuals and organisations

You can protect your self from such things as content and password theft by installing firewalls and also install antivirus and learn about unsafe attachments.

Principles for protecting yourself and and your pc:

Do not give personal information about yourself
Do not reply to spam mail
Set online programs such as MSN messenger and internet browsers to maximum security settings
Update your anti virus software at least weekly
Always scan documents before openning them for the first time.
•Freedom of Speech

Tutorial Summary

Task 1

One of the five information sheets is the introduction to copyright in Australia, I believe it is very important to know about the way copyright operates in Australia as an undergraduate, although one might have a fair idea about how copy right operates it is important to know the entire concept and that is why reading and understanding introduction to copyright in Australia will constitute my list of five.

As part of my list of five I choose to include the research and study information sheet, this is because as Univesity studies wheels around research it is important to know what is right or wrong when researching a topic and by reading this information sheet familiarises one with how much information one can use form other people's work without plagiarism.

As part of my list of five I choose to include Educational Institutions and introduction to copyright, this is becuase it is critical to know what are the limits when using information from other sources for educational purposes since if this is not done it can lead to plagiarism.

It is also important to have an idea about copyright in America as most of the information found on the internet comes from the United States.

Lastly I choose libraries and copyright, as an undergraduate library will always be the first place to go for information pertaining to assignments and it therefore means it very important to know copyright connected to libraries and information they provide.

Task 2

Having looked at the website about music and the web and based on the information on the website it is simple and clear that music online is not free. Many people go online to download music while not knowing that song writers make money out of selling music and therefore it should be known that there is no free music online.

Task 3

Plan to protect myself from viruses and trojans

Do not give personal information about yourself
Do not reply to spam mail
Set online programs such as MSN messenger and Internet browsers to maximum security settings
Update your antivirus software atleast weekly
Always scan documents before openning them for the first time

It is important for the above steps to be regularly done because if these do not happen it can result in data loss, identity theft and damage of computer files.

Reading One summary:

Building Knowledge

2008-05-28T21:24:00.000-07:00

Lecture Summary

This week's lecture will be based at the topic of building knowledge, which will be subheaded by datum, information and knowledge.

Definitions of the three terms:

Datum is a fact or proposition and it is normally non judgemental, non inferential, transient, has no intrinsic meaning and has no intrinsic value as well. It is important that a data be valid and unbiased and must be quantitative rather than qualitative and must also be representative

An Information is a collection of facts or data that relate to each other, information is also summative, relational, dimensional, permanent, has meaning and uncertain value. It is important for an information to be informative and meaningful.

A knowledge is the sum or range of what has been percieved, discovered or learned. A knowledge can also be inferential, experiental, judgemental, subjective and very valuable. It is important for a knowledge to be clear in its origin and be a justification from the data and information.

Tutorial Summary

The tutorial will be exposing students into the meanings of the words datum, information, knowledge and wisdom and their importance to the students in their further studies. Students would be exposed into a range of definitions to the four terms and then students will record

definitions they feel more comfortable with. Below is a list of selected definitions to the four terms:

Taks 1

Datum is the representation of concepts or other entities, fixed in or on a medium in a form suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human beings or by automated systems (Wellisch, 1996). Prof. Elsa Barber

Information is data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient (Davis and Olson, 1985). Dr. Hanne Albrachsten

Knowledge is embodied in humans as the capacity to understand, explain and negotiate concepts, actions and intentions. Dr. Hanne Albrachsten

Wisdom is the power of judging rightly and following the soundest course of action, based on knowledge and understanding.

Task 2

Knowing the relationship between data, information, knowledge is critical to university studies and can help one especially in situations where there is a research assignment. Knowing the difference of these four terms results in confident attack to assignments as you know the data that to be used and the resulting information from conclusion of data pertaining to the assignment. Doing this successfully will result in a building of knowledge as an understanding has been built from the relationship between data and information.

Task 3

Transperth normally takes information from its clients mainly to know if they are providing the services that the customers expect form them.

Department of Education would normally ask parents to comment on the way schools are run and taught and if they would like to see some changes put into place to make better.

Police takes information from the public to seek ways that they can coorporate with the public to stop crimes.

Shopping Centres will try to collect information from the public to acquire public's view on the services they offer and by doing this they can better their services based on what is the public's perspective.

Political parties traditionally rely on the public to provide them with the guide to their policies, they collect information to know what are the most important issues with the public on the day.

Reading Summary:

This reading is pertained to the topics of data, information, knowledge and wisdom. According to professor Russell Ackoff human mind is classified into five categories, data which is a symbols, information which is the data that is processed to be useful, knowledge which is the application of data and information to achieve answers and wisdom which is an evaluated understanding. Ackoff indicates that the first four categories relate to the past; they deal with what has been or what is known. Only the fifth category, wisdom, deals with the future because it incorporates vision and design.

Information Management

2008-05-22T04:05:00.000-07:00

Lecture Summary

Since there is now millions of information sources available online this has led to people get as amuch information as they want, the problem that this brings is that how do we manage the information for easy use and easy identification. This can be done by using computers to organise our information in the form of:

text

documents

images

WebPages,
bookmarks

presentations

assignments

citations & references

Some principles to know for organising your information:

Learn the most common file extentions and what they stand for

Create and name folders of information according to function rather that content

Use the Properties tool to create metadata about your documents

Use the "Search" function when trying to locate files

Install a desktop Search Engine (e.g. Google Desktop)

Tutorial Summary:

Being a Uni student you tend to know how to create information but when it comes to managing it can prove to be a difficulty. This tutorial will be focusing on ways to manage information effectively. The tutorial will also look at organising web based references using bookmarks/favourites.

Task 1

Task 2

Even though this work was published thirteen years ago I think the ideas are relevant to what we have today. Having atoms based information or bits based information both have invaluable positives. As Nagroponte pointed out that trasporting atoms based information can result in information not reaching to its location safely as compared to bits where one can almost be hundred percent sure that the information will be recieved, and this would be a positive of bits over atom. Atoms based information are inexpensive as compared bits, for example a text book, but books can ran out of print where as bits based books do not. Bits based information also have an advantage over atoms based information, this can be seen with the inconvenience of video casettes where one has to return atoms based cassettes to the video library and if not then you are fined for not returning the cassette this would not happen with bits video cassette. An area of irrelavency in this work comes in when the author starts to predict that businesses will start to become digital very soon, it is already being done as many business is done on line and through emails.

Reading Summary:

Students as Infotectives: The first step toward a sound program is to think of students as infotectives. Infotective is a student capable of asking great questions about data in order to convert it into information and eventually turned it into insight.

Issues of reliability and adequacy: Schools must teach students to graze and digest the offerings thoughtfully in order to achieve insight. They must also guide young people away from undue reliance upon the "free Internet." Students will learn that a printed book or a "pay for service" is more effecient than the free internet.

The Question is the answer: Questioning may be the most powerful technology we have ever invented and can give to our students. Questions are the tools required for us to "make up our minds" and develop meaning. We must teach students to start their explorations with "essential questions" in mind. They then develop a rich web of related questions that organize and direct the search for insight.

Preparing Students for Cyberspace and Intenet competencies: Students need to learn literacy skills. "We live in a world where there is more and more information, and less and less meaning." Students must be taught to frame essential questions, identify subsidiary questions, plan a cyberspace voyage, ask for help, ask for directions, analyze data, scan from the crows nest, synthesise, SCAMPER Substitute, combine, adapt, modify, magnify, minify, put to other uses, eliminate and reverse. We need to raise students who are free range students, those who have learned to feed on the wild grains and fragments available on the Internet or the shelves of the local library.

communications

2008-05-22T02:23:00.000-07:00

Lecture Summary

This lecture will be looking at the new ways of communications that we have today and also look at the past communication. Communication is very different today compared to twenty years ago simply because of the new technology we have today that has brought variety of communication tools. Communications can be between individuals or between individuals and organisations. There are four types of communications: place dependent , place independent , synchronous and asynchronous. In place independent communication parties can be anywhere in cyberspace, in place dependent all parties have to be in the same place, Asynchronous all parties take their turns in their own time and Synchronous all parties have to be engaged at thesame time eg phone call. Types of communication use:

Mobile telephone (3G network)
•Video and tele-conferencing
• ipods, mp3, lap-tops
•Electronic Mail (e-mail)
•Multi-media communications

More examples of communication use:

social networking through Myspace, Freindster and Facebook.

There are also issues involved with communication notably in sending emails: Emails should not be used to send confrontations or complaints because they are easily forwarded to other people.

Benefits of using communiction are that students can discuss their assignments while in different places. They are also great sources of information.

Tutorial Summary

The tutorial will focus on enhacing students communications with their fellow students especiallyat situations such as at group assignments. Students will have a chance to use variety of tools to use in communication with other students, tutors and lecturers. The tutorial also requires students to list benefits of listenning to podcasts which are listed below.

Task 1

rec.sport.basketball.pro

The topic of interest to me is Basketball and therefore my search term was "who is the best all round player in the NBA at the moment"

Everyone who posted their opinions agreed on Kobe Bryant, however I was expecting some competition from players like Lebron James, Chris Paul, Kevin Garnett and Paul Pierce. It was interesting to hear from some messages posted that Kobe wouln't have won the most valuable player if he was on a non contender team because he would have been focusing on hitting 81 points every game and not bringing his teamates into the game.

Task 2

Benefits of listenning to podcasts include:

Students can listen to lectures as they become available online

Students can listen to important speeches and take notes

Student can listen to audios that pertain to their assignments

Reading Summary:

Email spam is the form of advertising which has no incremental cost to the sender, but imposes costs on the recipients and has the potential to destroy the value of electronic mail. There are many problems which are associated with the so called email spam: Spammer has the potential to cost people unlimited amounts of time to deal with, it has the potential to drown out legitimate communications, thus making electronic mail useless for its original purpose. Statistics reveal that this problem is increasing at an alarming rate and has led to people abandoning their email accounts because of it. Spammer is different to other forms of spammers such as junk mails as sending junk mails cost more than that of spammer. It is unrealiseable that recieving a spammer costs the recipient money and doesn't cost the sender, thus that is why we need to be wary of emails that we recieve. It makes sense because if the sender is not paying for emails being sent than somebody must be paying for it. UBE is an alternative name for spammer wastes a load of time, this happens when you have email program that notifies you of new messages and the flow of what you were doing is broken and can lead to massive loses of productivity from employers point of view.

Some solutions to this problem have been suggested, but they have also been found to be flawed. It is suggested that when you recieve such emails just delete them, but deleting just deosn't stop emails being sent to you and by the time you delete the message the damage has already been done. What can be done to stop this problem from growing even further, there are easy solutions that work:

ban the practice of transmitting Unsolicited Bulk Email;

ban the sale of tools designed for spamming, and ban the marketing of tools as being suitable for the purpose of spamming;

provide a right of action to the recipient, together with suitable damages, say $750.00, payable to each recipient of the UBE - a private right of action being required because requiring a government agency to take action would place additional demands on federal revenue while guaranteeing less effective enforcement than a private right of action can provide;

express the damages in terms of penalty units;

provide for damages to be multiplied by a factor of 3 for wanton violations;

cover offshore spamming by Australian interests; and

provide for attaching to the outgoing revenue stream of foreign interests which spam Australians for the benefit of the spammers' revenue stream.

Presentation Strategies

2008-05-16T01:36:00.000-07:00

Ten strategies to a great oral presentation

Make sure you show believe in what you are presenting

Reherse your talk

Arrive Early to the venue

keep it simple

Make your audience earned your respect

Keep your audience in your talk

Know your audience

Your start to the presentation must be popular with the audience

Conclude with something that the audience will think about

Finish early

Lecture Summary

Oral presentation is an oral, public presentation of an assessment. There are three types of presentations, one is a self contained presentation a web page or a video. Written presentation normally in an essay format and the oral format. This lecture will be focusing on how to construct a great oral presentation. In an oral presentation there has to be an effective introduction which constittute six components to an effective introduction; attention getters, thesis statement, audience adaptation, credibility statement, preview and transition to the body. Secondly an oral presentation must have an active body. The body includes main ideas and references to outside research. And lastly a conclusion, review the main points and leave the audience with something to think about. In preparation to your presentation make sure you have a back up to your assignment, rehearse your talk, arrive early to the venue and more importantly keep it simple. Always know your audience and know how they respond to different things.

Tutorial Summary:

The tutorial will be focusing on how to produce effective oral presentations. The tutorial will also direct students to information sources that provide many ways to give a top notch oral presentation and also make aware students on common mistakes that occur during oral presentations and ways to avoid this mistakes.

Six Slides Powerpoint presentation

Endnote Libraries

2008-05-02T03:34:00.000-07:00

Endnote Libraries

Referencing: Deferentiates ones ideas form other people's ideas and also enables other people to follow up on the source if they are interested.

Citing and quoting refereces: Refering to material in your work bieng of other peoples work.

A reference list also known as Bibliography is an alphabetical list of books and references all used in your work.

Endnote: reference manager can also be called bibliogaphical maker. Endnote can be use as content is displayed in colummns eg Author and publication.

Opening Endnote library: Choose and create Endnte library, save it as a seperate file, go to references and say new references. You use Endnote to keep track of growing list of references, helps to handle a diversity of references.

Tutorial Summary: The tutorial is is going to be exposing students into how to use endnote as a referecing maker and storage. The tutorial will also expose students into using endnote write and cite at the same time. Moreover students will learn how use endnote to intext reference their work.

Gal, B. (2007). "THE NEW ARAB CONVERSATION." Columbia Journalism Review 45(5): 17.
Couper-Johnston , R. El Nino. London, Hodder and Stoughton.
History of Higher Education for Higher Ed 101*." Retrieved May, 17, 2008, from net.educause.edu.

Examples of intext references

The conflict between Israel and the Palestinians has led to most western world countries labelling the countries of the Middle east as having a one sided view to the conflict “each of these unprecedented acts is one small move toward opening up these societies” (Gal 2007).

world that the West often imagines as having only one perspective (Gal 2007)

though he probably would not have appreciated being deployed as a weapon in Israel's public-relations war, the presence of his (Gal 2007)

Gal, B. (2007). "THE NEW ARAB CONVERSATION." Columbia Journalism Review 45(5): 17.

Evaluation and Authentication

2008-05-02T02:00:00.000-07:00

Week 6: Evaluation and Authentication

Lecture Summary: Inforamtion quality is often regarded as any information that is healthy to use. The www is an open protocol meaning anyone can create a web content and thus that is why it has never been important to know the skills to evaluate wed based informatio. Information on the web is in three questions who relates to authorship, why relates to bias, accuracy and trusworthiness and what relates to currency, coverage and reliability . History of www in 1969 points to four host computers, 1971 23 host computers, 1980 200 host computers and 1984 2000+ host computers. How would it be possible to find worthy site on the internnet: Principles to know: what is being measured, content, visual feel, navigation and ease of use. Why does the inforamtion exist: Would you deem the information fit for use (fit for purpose). Criteria to use
Accuracy; Authority; Objectivity; Currency; Coverage. Never look at any web until confirmed if it is either personal or a site, also look at the domain. Find out why the page was published. Always make sure that sources of information are cited on the website.

Tutorial Summary: The tutorial will be covering how to evaluate web based informtion and the skill needed to evaluate information from web sites. Simply because anyone can publish their work on the web it poses questions of such kinds as what is these people's academic bakground to be able to auhor such work, and therefore if so how accurate is the information they present, also one may ask what is the purpose of the information and how balance is it.

Criteria For Evaluating a web site:

Author: Find out who authored the information and find out what is there academic qualification to be able to author the information.

Accuracy: Why do you believe information being presented is true i.e. is there anything on the page that makes the information accurate.

Objectivity: What is the purpose of the information being presented and find out the the author's stance on the information presented.

Currency: Look for the date when the information was first published and then see if the information has been regulary updated since then.

Coverage: Does the site deliver information that appeals to the topic being researched. Is the inforamtion of your level or too sophisticated.

Value: Now after visiting the website what is your final assessment of the information being presented, was it worth looking at. Is the site well edited and there are typing mistakes and poor grammar.

After comparing the two strategies from both websites i think knowing if the author is reputable or not is important point to be added in to the criteria of evaluation.

Evaluation of the website American Cultural History 1960-69

ACCURACY ~ The information on the webite shows accuracy in presentation of the information and in the facts presented about the 60s in America. Moreover, the coverage of the period in terms of cultural factors translates into how accurate the information being presented.

AUTHORSHIP ~ The author of this work is The Kingwood College Library, although their work as demonstrated in website is of a high quality their expertise to be able to author such work is not provided leaving one with questions of their worth.

PURPOSE ~ The purpose of this website is to help readers gain a broader understanding and appreciation for the culture and history of 1960s which I think it does.

DETAIL AND DESIGN ~ The website has been designed in a simple manner to allow for easy identification of critical information, this is shown through using headings and sub-heading to distinguish between important information. This is one of the important characteristics in reliability of webpages.

OVERALL WORTH~ This website is of a high quality both in the presentation of the information and the content of information. Having read the content in this website I now have a broader understanding of the 60s in American culture. Thus this webste was worth consulting

The Almost Great Society: The 1960s

Authorship~ This work was authored by Stanley K. Schultz a professor of History in the United States of America. Given his expertise as a professor of history there is reliability in this work compared to a one by a medical doctor authoring such work.

Accuracy~

Purpose~ The purpose of this website is to immerse readers into gaining an understanding about Lyndon Baines Johnson a president of United States of Amercia and his philosophies and political methods. This website gives readers an understanding about the civil rights protests and African American rights which it does but in little quantity of informatio.

Detail and Design~ The design of this website allow for easy identification of important information which is good for overall worth of the website. Moreover, the detail put together in this website covers the topic of LBJs presidency extensively.

Overall Worth~ This website was worth having a look, but in saying so there are many other sources that can be better than this source.

Using Search Engines

2008-04-10T00:24:00.000-07:00

Lecture Summary:

Search Engines are websites with large indexes of commonly accesed resources in a searchable database.
Before researching one needs to have an idea of how information is stored and accesed on the web. There are three categories of information on the web the free visible web which contains all the publicly availed web pages and can be accessed through a good search engine, free invisible web which contains the sites that provide articles and information free to its users but the content is accesible by going straight into the site, and paid database over the web this category contains commercial databases that libraries subscribe to containing scolarly journals, newspapers and court cases.
Search Tools:
Search tools consist of two categories, Search Engines and Directories. Search Engines consist of the interface you use to type in a query, an index of Web sites that the query is matched with, and a software program (called a spider or bot) that goes out on the Web and gets new sites for the index. Directories are categorized lists of sites picked out by human editors. Example include Yahoo, Look Smart, and Snap.
Types of Seach Engines
Google
Yahoo
Altavista
All the web
Problems with Searach Engines is that they return too many results for a query. They also have limited filtering or results to a searh query.
Directories
Dmoz
Google Directory
Yahoo Directory
Look Smart
About
US Search Engines Rankings as of September 2007.
Of the 9.4 billion search performed
– Google 57%
– Yahoo 23.7%
– Microsoft 10.3%
– Ask 4.7%
– Time Warner including AOL 4.5%.
Search Engine Interaction
Types of queries
Keyword
Phrase
Boolean

Advance / Engine features
Strategies and Key word choices

What civilisation is associated with the once great city of Machu Picchu the spectacular ruins of which were rediscovered in 1911? The most effective strategy would be to use the key word Machu Picchu

Search Tips
Use as many search tools as possible
Read the search tip or help information at each search engine
Guess a location
For a keyword search use several words
Know what you want
Use advanced search functions to narrow down the search

Tutorial Summary:

The tutorial involves student being exposed into a range of search engines such as google, yahoo and Alltheweb to use for simple and advanced search for information. Students will also need to learn the strenths and weaknesses of sdifferent search engines. Students will visit a website form Monash University on interactive tutorial about search engines and directories. With the knowlege gained by visiting the site students will then list four strategies that will help structure a good search.

List of strategies to use for a good search:

· Always have an objective of what you want to search on the web.
· Use quotation marks to give you the specific result.
· Choose web directories when searching for broad information rather than search engines.
· If you are clear about the topic of your query then use web directories rather than search engines.

Strategies Used in searching for Information:

Firstly quotation marks gives the specific information one wants and it is very effective in yielding precise information.

Summary of what was learned about information found on the internet and how to search for information:

There is a wide variety of information found on the internet and it is therefore important to know what strategies to use to get the precise information that you want. As mentioned in the tutorial summary knowing the strenthgs of search engines and weaknesses allows for an easy search for information. Moreover, using strategies such as having an objective of what you want to learn, using quotation marks around key words, choosing search engines when searching for broad information rather than web directories and using web directories when clear of your topic are all important strategies to getting important information.

Using the www

2008-04-05T23:47:00.000-07:00

Summary: The lecture will be covering these topics:

Internet vs Web:

web is an abstract virtual space of information it would not exist without the net.

Historical Perspective of the web:

The web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee in( a researcher at CERN) 1989. This was mainly done to facilitate sharing research information.

Defining the www:

The web is a universe of accessible information stored on computers around the world. The information is available through a gigantic network called internet. A network of servers is linked together by a common protocol, allowing access to millions of hypertext resources.

WWW Protocols

TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
» HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
» DNS – Domain Name System
» URL – Uniform/Universal Resource Locator

Web browsers/interface:

The web browsers interface provides the user tools for searching, navigating and saving snapshots of www.

Tutorial Summary:

The tutorial will be looking at evaluating the relevance, authenticity, validity and reliability of a range of library online and other sources of information.

The websites have attempted to be authentic

By having terms and conditions link on one of the websites homepage

By having the presidents picture on the site and the flag of the country attempted to show that this website is not a joke

But in reality these websites are not authentic:

The molossia site is a spoof because it says so if you click on the teachers link

Also molossia is not a country

The url says org when it is not an orgnisation's website

The website provides this information on the homepage Republic of Molossia 226 Mary Lane,Dayton, NV 89403 which also gives it away as a spoof

The haggis hunt site does not have any contacts on the homepage

There is no elaboration of what a haggis hunt is on the home page

There is a link on the site that has nothing to do with the website itself camvista.com

Based on the url I expect to find a biography of martin luther king on this website, which would have included what he stood for in America and what his legacy is.

My first impressions is that the website is appalling in its message and what it is presenting abuot one of the world's most respected personalities, Martin Luther King was famous for his persistent for equality for all Americans especially his people the African American. It is clear that the information written on this website about Martin Luther King is extremely biased and has been written with no prior knowledge about Martin Luther King and what he was as a person. The website is presenting simply the opposite of Martin Luther King.

I believe as a person who knows Martin Luther King and what he has done in America, the website is surely not credibe to use for any purposes of research. The website virtually presents a true opposite of Martin Luther King's calibre and has been produced with no research about Martin Luther King.

Reading One Summary: A brief History of the Internet: Internet is a system that allows computers to communicate with each other. The first step towards the modern computer was Samuel Morse's invention in 1844 of communication using electronic impulses, a key and a special code that sequences of pulses to letters of the alphabet. When war came up scientists were force to produce a device with an internal stored memory. then in June 1948 a team at the University of Manchester produced one followed by a wave later. until now cimputers have been developed either for various branches of government or as prototype units within universities.

Reading Summary Two: The World Wide Web is a network of sites that can be searched and retrieved by a special protocol known as a Hypertext Transfer protocol (HTTP). The WWW concept was designed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee and scientists at CERN (Geneva), the European centre for High Energy Physics, who were interested in making easier to retrieve research documentation. A year later he had developed a 'browser/editor' program and had coined the name World Wide Web as a name for the program. The next step was to design an improved 'browser', a system which allowed the links to be hidden behind text (using a Hypertext Markup Language, HTML) and activated by a click with the 'mouse'. By the end of 1992 there were only 50 web-sites in the World and a year later the number was still no more than 150. In 1994 there were 3,2 mln hosts and 3,000 web-sites. Twelve months later the number of hosts had doubled and the number of web-sites had climbed to 25,000. By the end of the next year the number of host computers had doubled again, and the number of web-sites had increased by more than ten-fold. This all took place in 1997, by which time the number of host computers integrated into the Web had reached 19,5 mln hosts, and the number of web-sites had shot up to 1,2 million. By the last count, in January 2001, the number of hosts stood at 110 million and the number of web-sites had reached 30 million.

Week Three Using online libraries and Databases

2008-04-04T04:22:00.000-07:00

Lecture summary:

online databases and libraries are an extremely important source of informaion, especially for Univesity students who have to be accustomed to nothing else but research. Online databases and libraries are useful in that they are accesible 24/7. Most of this online are free. online databases and libraries are also current.

Tutorial Summary: This tutorial will be focussing at how to use online library to research information. It will also involve finding tips which help to searh information which you want.

us (-) signs in front of words to force their inclusion and/or exclusion in searches.EXAMPLE: +meat -potatoes(NO space between the sign and the keyword)

· Use double quotation marks (" ") around phrases to ensure they are searched exactly as is, with the words side by side in the same order.EXAMPLE: "bye bye miss american pie"(Do NOT put quotation marks around a single word.)

· Put your most important keywords first in the string.EXAMPLE: dog breed family pet choose

· Type keywords and phrases in lower case to find both lower and upper case versions. Typing capital letters will usually return only an exact match.EXAMPLE: president retrieves both president and President

· Use truncation (or stemming) and wildcards (e.g., *) to look for variations in spelling and word form.EXAMPLE: librar* returns library, libraries, librarian, etc.EXAMPLE: colo*r returns color (American spelling) and colour (British spelling)

· Combine phrases with keywords, using the double quotes and the plus (+) and/or minus (-) signs.EXAMPLE: +cowboys +"wild west" -football -dallas(In this case, if you use a keyword with a +sign, you must put the +sign in front of the phrase as well. When searching for a phrase alone, the +sign is not necessary.)

· When searching within a document for the location of your keyword(s), use the "find" command on that page.

· Know the default (basic) settings your search engine uses (OR or AND). This will have an effect on how you configure your search statement because, if you don't use any signs (+, -, " "), the engine will default to its own settings.

· Know whether or not the search engine you are using maintains a stop word list (see "Stop Words" Lesson 6.) If it does, don't use known stop words in your search statement. Also, consider trying your search on another engine that does not recognize stop words.

Photoshot of Global warming search

I think prospective students who aspire to be orthopedics would find this page useful, it helps with general introduction to the topic.

Reading summary: Finding what you want on the web:

There is now enough reference material available online that one do not need to have a multi-volume encyclopedia. However finding the right information a wide web is difficult and therefore one also need to judge whether the information being presented is credible. There are also important blogs out there which illuminates stories, subjects and point to other important sources of information.

Reading Two Summary: Basic seach tips

Use the plus (+) and minus (-) signs in front of words to force their inclusion and/or exclusion in searches. Use double quotation marks (" ") around phrases to ensure they are searched exactly as is, with the words side by side in the same order. Put your most important keywords first in the string. Type keywords and phrases in lower case to find both lower and upper case versions. Typing capital letters will usually return only an exact match. Use truncation (or stemming) and wildcards (e.g., *) to look for variations in spelling and word form. Combine phrases with keywords, using the double quotes and the plus (+) and/or minus (-) signs. When searching within a document for the location of your keyword(s), use the "find" command on that page. Know the default (basic) settings your search engine uses (OR or AND). Know whether or not the search engine you are using maintains a stop word list.

Office Applications

2008-03-25T06:20:00.000-07:00

Lecture Summary:

PC is used to achieve tasks such as file handling ,for word processsing, spreadsheets, presentions, Internet access, emails and viewing PDFs. Skills are needed to know which program best which task. Office application consist of word, exel, powerpoint, publisher and access. Microsoft word is use for creating documents, powerpoint for presentations, exel for spreadsheets and access for database. Internet explorer is most important for research. For sending and recieving emails outlook express can be used. Viewing PDFs Acrobe Reader can be used. For audio or vidoes windows media player is the one to use.

Tutorial Summary:

It is most important for teritary studies to have the skills to produce a range of documents. This tutorial will be covering how to create documents using microsoft word and excel.

Reading One summary: Using Microsoft Word for Apa Tasks.

General Tips: To delete any mistakes from your work there are two ways to do this, one backspace which deletes from front to back and the delete key which deletes from front to back. These two keys are on the keyboard. Undo button which appears on the toolbar allows you to cancel out your last mistake. The opposite of this is Redo which does the opposite to undo. To centre your work go to paragraph indents and spacing then allignment then centre. To adjust your typeface use font size 11or 12 and Times New Roman. Setting Margins and Allignments your normally go page set up and then click on margins. To Alphabetize your work just click on table sort and then ascending. To keep heading with text you click format then paragraph then click on line and page breaks and click on keep heading with text. To set indents you would go paragraph and then indents and spaing. Page headers and footers can be inserted by clicking insert header and footer, for page numbers
Click View, then click Header and Footer.
2. With the cursor inside the header, align the text to the right . Click the Align Right icon on the toolbar, or
b. Click Format, then Paragraph, then change alignment to right.
3. Type a header, followed by five spaces.
4. On the Header window (it opens when you select Header and Footer), click the Insert Page Number icon. Irregular spacing between paragraphs because this cannot be done by double line spacing icon you need to follow this way
ighlight the text you want to change.
2. On the menu bar click Format, Paragraph.
3. Set the Before and After boxes to 0.
You may also have to set Line spacing to Single and then reset to Double.
How to Avoid Irregular Spacing: Pasting Text from the Internet
Do not use the Paste command to insert electronic copy. Instead, use Paste Special… from the Edit option on the Menu Bar as shown below.

1. Highlight and copy electronic text.
2. Open a new document.
3. In the new document window, select Edit, then Paste Special… If you use just Paste, you will bring in hidden formatting codes from the electronic text.
4. When the Paste Special… dialogue box appears, select Unformatted Text. How do I avoid "orphan" headings?
1. click Format, then Paragraph
2. click the tab for Line and Page breaks
3. click Keep with Next
4. click OK

DOT LEADERS FOR TABLE OF CONTENTS

To do dot leaders successfully you need to click on the paragraph icon and then tabs.

CUSTOMIZE THE TOOLBAR

1. Click Tools, then Customize . . . , and click the Toolbars tab on the open window.
2. Click New, and type a name for the new toolbar. Click OK to close.
3. Now click the Commands tab. You will see your choices by category (File, Edit, View, Insert, and so on). Clicking on a category will open the command choices for that category.
4. Elsewhere on the screen you’ll see your new toolbar—at this point small and empty.

USE DOCUMENT COMMENTS

When you send a paper for review, the reviewer can insert comments into the margins of your text
1. on the menu bar, click View
2. click to turn on the Markup icon

Line spacing would be achieved by clicking on the paragraph icon and then line spacing and then double. CUSTOMIZE AUTO-FORMATTING for LISTS
On the menu bar, click Format, then AutoFormat…
2. When the AutoFormat window opens, click on the Options button to open the AutoCorrect window (see Figure 10).
3. Click the tab titled AutoFormat As You Type.
4. Click to remove checkmarks from Automatic bulleted lists and Automatic numbered lists.

Reading Two Summary: Graphic File Format

Bitmap (bmp) is the standard windows bitmap image format for PC's which is use as the format to save images to be use as the desktop image. There is a specificationof
a 1-bit to 24-bit depth for the image,
which will effect both the amount of colours and file-size of the image.

comuserv (gif) is a compressed format that is designed to minimise file transfer time over phone lines. GIF is the file format commonly used to display indexed-color graphics and images in HTML documents, over the World Wide Web and other online services. The GIF format supports "moving" frames or annimations

Joint Photographic Experts Group is (jpg) is commonly used to display images on the Internet. Unlike the GIF format however, JPEG retains all the color information in an RGB image. Saving an image in the JPEG format automatically compresses it, greatly reducing the file size of the stored image. Opening a JPEG image automatically decompresses it. When saving in JPEG format, you can specify both the image quality and speed it travels on the Net by controlling its compression level. The higher the compression (lower the number), the quicker the image will transfer, but the more image quality is lost. Two types of jpg Optimise which retains the colour quality of the image and progressive which allows the image to be displayed gradually when viewed on the internet. progressive jpg images require more RAM for viewing and are not supported by older web browsers.

The Tagged-Image File Format (tiff) is used to exchange files between applications and computer platforms as it can be read by both Macintosh or IBM compatible / Windows (PC's) computers. The TIFF format produces high quality images that support LZW compression, a method of image compression that uses a mathematical formular to compress the image without discarding detail from the image. It is therefore a lossless compression. Because of it’s high quality, the Tiff format is the preferred graphic format for all professional printing.

PhotoShop Document (.psd ~ .psp ~ .spp) the image formats disscussed prviously are all flat images i.e they have one layer of visual data. Layered image formats are the one which support more than one visual layer of data. Layers within an image file can be edited idependenty of each these changes can then be saved in a file provided they are saved in an image format that suppports layers.

Introduction to University Computing

2008-03-12T08:25:00.000-07:00

Lecture summary:

The lecture was based at introducing students to the general life at University, Knowing the places to go for help and the most important places at the campus such as library, student central and Labs. Students were also introduced to the course structure and the most important things such assignment due dates and the tutorials.

Tasks:

Workshop one was mainly based on an introduction to the general network of ECU and what it entailed
Firstly it was brought to my attention that logging on to SIMO and being able to check enrolment details was important. At the end of the tutorial, one was able to thoroughly use SIMO for enrolment purposes and more.

Secondly student email was an important tool of communication with lecturers, tutors and other students. At the end of the tutorial one was able to send and receive emails using the ECU address.

Finally logging on to Blackboard and exploring the units in details through unit resources is something every student needed to know. Furthermore Blackboard is also important in that one can review their assignments beforehand. At the end of tutorial all of the above were achieved.

As part of the assignment it was a task to set up a weblog at http://www.blogger.com/.
While setting up the Blogg one needed to produce a screen capture to show the steps taken to get to that point.

Reading One Summary:

PC LUBE & TUNE

The PC and TUNE is and ordnary sercice staion which provides gas, sodas, repairs, maps, and advice. Its main objective is to introduce, educate and provide tutorials on technical subjects to large audience of computer users. Their topics sonsist of:

An Introduction to PC Hardware

Exception Handling in Java and C#

The Graphic User Interface

Computers, Video Files, and HDTV

Technical Perspective on The Microsoft Antitrust Case

The Tragedy of Microsoft and Java

Character Encoding and Web Standards

The Tragedy of Microsoft and Java

Character Encoding and Web Standards

Microsoft .NET Framework

Distributed Applications and the Web

Das Boot

The Storm Before the COM

Introduction to SNA

Introduction to TCP/IP

Introduction to APPC

Ethernet

Second Reading Summary:

How PCs work: This article provides a demonstatration of a step by step ways in which PCs work. A PC is a general purpose device which is built around a microprocessor. Its part include a memory, hard disk and modem.

PC connection: A computer connects to the world in three ways by input/output devices, ports and networking.

Powering Up: A computer session always begin with turning on the power and this is done by pressing the on button on the computer and the monitor.

Operating System is the core of the computer, it is normally preloaded when buying a computer. operating system has six tasks: Breaks the tasks down into manageable chunks, coordinates the flow of data in and out of RAM, provides an interface between each device connected to the computer, directs where the data will be stored permanently, provide a standard communications and data exchange between software programs and the computer and provides a way for you to communicate with the computer.

The Fuure of Pcs: The future of pc will be based on two emerging technologies that is the DNA and Quantum computers.

Dna: have the potential to take computing to new levels, picking up where Moore's Law leaves off.

Portable Personal Computers: Already we are seeing powerful computers in non-desktop roles, for example laptops have taken pcs out of the office. One thing is for certain and that is Pc will keep evolving to new levels.